Passive Voice

Pengertian Serta Rumus Kalimat Passive Voice – Passive voice adalah salah satu kaidah atau aturan yang digunakan dalam berbahasa Inggris. Kali ini kita akan mengenal definisi, aturan dan beragam contoh kalimat passive voice :

Definisi passive voice

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, passive voice bisa diartikan sebagai kalimat pasif yang membuat subyek kalimat tidak membuat aksi melainkan menjadi penerima aksi. Contohnya, bila dalam kalimat aktif kita membuat kalimat berupa “ibu menggoreng ikan”, maka dalam kalimat pasif kita bisa mengubahnya menjadi kalimat “ikan digoreng ibu”. Hal yang sama juga akan kita lakukan bila membuat passive voice dalam aturan bahasa Inggris.

Rumus dasar passive voice

Untuk membuat passive voice, rumus dasar yang harus kita gunakan adalah

subject + auxiliary verb + verb 3.

Auxiliary verb yang akan kita gunakan untuk membuat passive voice bisa berupa primary auxiliary verb (is, am, are, were, was, be, been dan being) atau bisa juga berupa kombinasi antara 2 primary (will be, have been dan perpaduan primary lainnya).

Selain harus menggunakan auxiliary verb, passive voice juga hanya bisa dibuat bila kalimatnya menggunakan kata kerja transitif (kata kerja yang bisa menggunakan obyek). Contoh kata kerja transitif misalnya membaca, membuang, memasak, membeli dan merobek.

Membuat passive voice dengan tenses

Agar kita bisa mempelajari passive voice yang diaplikasikan langsung dengan penggunaan tenses, maka kita harus menyimak informasi mengenai rumus passive voice dalam 16 tenses berikut ini :

No Tenses Active Voice (contoh kalimat) Passive Voice (contoh kalimat) 1 Simple Present Tense S + V1 + O S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O My mother always cleans the floor every morning. The floor is always cleaned by my mother every morning 2 Present Continuous Tense S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O They are making a rainbow cake now. A rainbow cake is being made by them now 3 Present Perfect Tense S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O The manager has interviewed some candidates Some candidates have been interviewed by the manager. 4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O Many people have been speaking English English has been being spoken by many people 5 Simple Past Tense S + V2 + O S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O Fadhila watched the movie in the theatre last night. The movie was watched by Fadhila in the theatre last night. 6 Past Continuous Tense S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O She was buying some books last night. Some books were being bought by her last night. 7 Past Perfect Tense S + had not + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + by + O Carroll had made a good decision to leave Liverpool. A good decision had been made by Carroll to leave Liverpool. 8 Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had + been + V1-ing + O S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O She had been watering this plant. This plant had been being watered by her. 9 Simple Future Tense S + will not + V1 + O S + will be + V3 + by + O The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week. 10 Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V1-ing + O S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O He will be meeting them. They will be being met by him. 11 Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3 + O S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon. This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon. 12 Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O She will have been watering this plant. This plant will have been being watered by her. 13 Past Future Tense S + would +  V1 + O S + would + be + V3 + by + O We would buy a dictionary A dictionary would be bought by us 14 Past Future Continuous Tense S + would + be + V1-ing + O S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O She would be listening to the music when the phone rang The music would be being listened by her when the phone rang 15 Past Future Perfect Tense S + would + have + V3 + O S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O Many people would have spoken English English would have been spoken by many people 16 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O S + would + have + been +being + V3 + by + O He would be meeting them. They would be being met by him. Pengecualian pada beberapa kata kerja transitif Beberapa kata kerja transitif dalam bahasa Inggris ternyata tidak bisa diubah ke dalam bentukpassive voice lho. Kata kerja transitif seperti have, look, like, become, mean dan beberapa kata kerja transitif lainnya akan terasa aneh bila diubah ke dalam bentuk passive voice. Misalnya : The candy contains aspartame. Tidak dapat dipasifkan menjadi : Aspartame is contained by the candy. Kesimpulan : Passive voice merupakan struktur kalimat penulisan dalam bahasa Inggris yang mana subject (pelaku) dari kalimat tersebut dikenakan suatu pekerjaan. Passive voice tidak hanya ada dalam bahasa Inggris saja, dalam bahasa Indonesia kita mengenal Kalimat Pasif dengan perubahan yang sangat simple yaitu imbuhan di- / ter-. Sumber : http://belajaringgris.web.id/rumus-passive-voice.html  http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2013/11/penjelasan-passive-voice.html

Definition of TOEFL and TOEIC

• Test of English as a Foreign Language or TOEFL /ˈtoʊfəl/ toh-fəl, is a standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers wishing to enroll in U.S. universities. The test is accepted by many English-speaking academic and professional institutions. TOEFL is one of the two major English-language tests in the world, the other being the IELTS. TOEFL is a trademark of ETS (Educational Testing Service), a private non-profit organization, which designs and administers the tests. The scores are valid for two years; then they are no longer reported.

Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_of_English_as_a_Foreign_Language

• Test of English as a Foreign Language: a test that evaluates the ability of an individual to use and understand English in an academic setting

Source : http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/toefl

• TOEFL

The TOEFL TOH-fəl, formally known as Test Of English as a Foreign Language, is a test of an individual's ability to use and understand English in an academic setting. The test is designed and administered by Educational Testing Service, and TOEFL is a registered trademark of ETS. It was developed to address the problem of ensuring English language proficiency for non-native speakers wishing to study at U.S. universities. It has become an admission requirement for non-native English speakers at many English-speaking colleges and universities. Additionally, institutions such as government agencies, licensing bodies, businesses, or scholarship programs may require this test. TOEFL scores are valid for two years, after then they are no longer reported.

Source:http://www.abbreviations.com/term/1508813

• TOEIC - Test Of English For International Communication: TOEIC is a test of English that concentrates more on English for business purposes. TOEIC is commonly used in Japan as a benchmark of proficiency in English when applying for employment (although this practice has not escaped criticism from prominent experts in language testing).

Source:http://www.teaching-english-in-japan.net/acronyms/toeic

• The abbreviation for ‘Test of English for International Communication’ (a test that measures your ability to read and understand English if it is not your first language)

Source: http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/toeic

• The Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) is "an English language test designed specifically to measure the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment."There are different forms of the exam: The TOEIC Listening & Reading Test consists of two equally graded tests of comprehension assessment activities totaling a possible 990 score; the newer TOEIC Speaking & Writing Test comprises tests of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, fluency, overall coherence, and structure (organization of sentences) totaling a possible 400 score.

Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOEIC

Conclusion :

• TOEFL, is a test of an individual's ability to use and understand English in an academic setting. The test is designed and administered by Educational Testing Service. TOEFL is one of the two major English-language tests in the world, the other being the IELTS. TOEFL is a trademark of ETS (Educational Testing Service), a private non-profit organization, which designs and administers the tests. The scores are valid for two years; then they are no longer reported.
• TOEIC, is a test of English that concentrates more on English for business purposes. English language test  that designed specifically to measure the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment, a test that measures your ability to read and understand English if it is not your first language.